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3.1.1. Semantic features

Flavio Pisciotta edited this page Aug 1, 2024 · 7 revisions

OntoClass

Rappresentano la classe ontologica per nomi e verbi. Utilizziamo i Topics di Open Multilingual Wordnet, conosciuti anche come lexicographer files su Princeton WordNet. Non li utilizziamo per aggettivi e avverbi dato che non è presente una gerarchia per queste due classi.

POS Topic Abr Definition
adj
  all all all adjective clusters
  pert prt relational adjectives (pertainyms)
  ppl ppl participial adjectives
adv
  all all all adverbs
noun
  Tops top unique beginner for nouns
  act act nouns denoting acts or actions
  animal anm nouns denoting animals or animal parts
  artifact art nouns denoting man-made objects
  attribute att nouns denoting attributes of people and objects
  body bod nouns denoting human body parts
  cognition cog nouns denoting cognitive processes and contents
  communication com nouns denoting communicative processes and contents, this includes languages and computation
  event evt nouns denoting natural events
  feeling flg nouns denoting feelings and emotions
  food fod nouns denoting foods and drinks
  group grp nouns denoting groupings of people or objects
  location loc nouns denoting spatial position
  motive mtv nouns denoting goals
  object obj nouns denoting natural objects (not man-made)
  person per nouns denoting people
  phenomenon phn nouns denoting natural phenomena
  plant pln nouns denoting plants or plant parts
  possession pos nouns denoting possession and transfer of possession
  process prc nouns denoting natural processes
  quantity qnt nouns denoting quantities and units of measure
  relation rln nouns denoting relations between people or things or ideas
  shape shp nouns denoting two and three dimensional shapes
  state stt nouns denoting stable states of affairs
  substance sub nouns denoting substances
  time tim nouns denoting time and temporal relations
verb
  body bod verbs of grooming, dressing and bodily care
  change chn verbs of size, temperature change, intensifying, etc
  cognition cog verbs of thinking, judging, analyzing, doubting
  communication com verbs of telling, asking, ordering, singing
  competition cmp verbs of fighting, athletic activities
  consumption con verbs of eating and drinking
  contact cnt verbs of touching, hitting, tying, digging
  creation crt verbs of sewing, baking, painting, performing
  emotion emo verbs of feeling
  motion mot verbs of walking, flying, swimming
  perception pcp verbs of seeing, hearing, feeling
  possession pos verbs of buying, selling, owning
  social soc verbs of political and social activities and events
  stative stv verbs of being, having, spatial relations
  weather wet verbs of raining, snowing, thawing, thundering

Aktionsart

E' possibile specificare l'aktionsart dei verbi. Abbiamo utilizzato lo schema di etichette da UniMorph, distinguendo però tra classi azionali e tratti.

  • Tratti:
Trait Label Definition
Atelic ATEL The event has no terminal point/culmination.
Durative DUR The event can extend over a time span.
Dynamic DYN The event is dynamic (i.e, it is not a static situation)
Punctual PCT The event does not extend over a time span, has no duration.
Telic TEL The event has a terminal point/culmination.
  • Classi (e corrispondenti combinazioni di tratti):
Class Label Traits
Accomplishment ACCMP DYN, TEL, DUR
Achievement ACH DYN, TEL, PCT
Activity ACTY DYN, ATEL, DUR
Semelfactive SEMEL DYN, ATEL, PCT
Stative STAT ATEL, DUR

Un elemento può essere constrained rispetto a una classe; tuttavia in alcuni casi può essere utile specificare un tratto per includere più classi che condividono quel tratto.

Proposte per ADJ e ADV?

Per gli aggettivi ci sono varie opzioni: da quello che ho capito ItalWordNet ha delle root per gli aggettivi ma è molto macchinoso da consultare, oppure esiste l'ontologia elaborata nel progetto PAROLE-SIMPLE-CLIPS . Per ora siamo rimasti che utilizziamo la classificazione di Dixon:

Class Examples (adapted from Dixon 2004: 3-5)
dimension grande 'big', piccolo 'small', lungo 'long', alto 'tall', corto 'short'
age nuovo 'new', vecchio 'old', giovane 'young'
value buono 'good', atroce 'atrocious', perfetto 'perfect', necessario 'necessary', strano 'strange'
colour rosso 'red', giallo 'yellow', blu 'blue'
physical_property duro 'hard', pesante 'heavy', umido 'wet', forte 'strong', pulito 'clean'
human_propensity geloso 'jealous', intelligente 'intelligent', felice 'happy', orgoglioso 'proud', ansioso 'anxious'
speed veloce 'fast', lento 'slow'
difficulty difficile 'difficult, hard', facile 'easy'
similarity simile 'similar', diverso 'different'
qualification vero 'true', comune 'common', corretto 'correct', normale 'normal', ragionevole 'sensible', appropriato 'appropriate'
quantification alcuni 'some', tutto/tutti 'all', poco/pochi 'few'
position vicino 'near', distante 'distant'
cardinal_number primo 'first', ultimo 'last'

Per gli avverbi ho trovato questa classificazione semantica dal progetto: Adjective-Adverb Interfaces in Romance , che però non include annotazione di dati dall'italiano

Class definition
manner Adverbs that characterizes a manner‑property of an element
quantity quantify on a scale or a semantic characteristic or the degree of a semantic property expressed by the segment they modify
time Adverbs expressing temporal circumstances
location Adverbs expressing a local circumstance of the event expressed
discourse Adverbs that express metalinguistic, pragmatic and/or discursive extra‑propositional characterizations or speaker‑attitudes
specification Focus adverbs express a semantic specification of the segment they modify; their syntactic scope (attribution target) is mostly a noun or any syntagma without verb‑reference