Enhance code and tackle weaknesses found in testing

[glrs]

This pull request includes several changes aimed at improving error handling, validation, and logging across multiple utility functions in the codebase. The most important changes include enhancing path validation, adding error checks and logging, and ensuring proper handling of configuration data.

Enhancements to path validation and error handling:

• lib/core_utils/common.py: Improved the get_path function to validate paths more rigorously, including checks for absolute paths and directory traversal attempts. Added logging for various error scenarios.
• lib/core_utils/common.py: Enhanced save_last_processed_seq to include error handling when writing to the sequence file, with appropriate logging for failures.

Improvements to configuration data handling:

• lib/core_utils/config_loader.py: Updated _load_config to set the configuration to an empty immutable mapping before raising exceptions, ensuring a consistent state.

Additional error checks and logging:

• lib/module_utils/report_transfer.py: Added validation to ensure the report_transfer configuration is a dictionary and included logging for invalid configurations.
• lib/module_utils/slurm_utils.py: Introduced type checks for template_fpath and output_fpath in generate_slurm_script to ensure they are either strings or Path objects.