Add support for Python 3.11 and Python 3.12

[astrojuanlu]

Description

Add support for Python 3.11 and, in turn, 3.12 too.

I completely lifted the upper version cap for the Python version. See:

• https://iscinumpy.dev/post/bound-version-constraints/#pinning-the-python-version-is-special
• https://discuss.python.org/t/requires-python-upper-limits/12663
• A better description for "Requires-Python" metadata field pypa/packaging.python.org#1274

The side effect of that is that users may attempt to install on Python 3.13, but since there are no precompiled wheels of pyarrow==17.0.0 it will fail unless the user system has the necessary dependencies. This doesn't mean that it isn't technically possible to use kedro-vertexai on Python 3.13, it's just that I haven't tried. The user would get a warning coming from Kedro anyway, see kedro-org/kedro#2742 🔶

I also added 3.11 and 3.12 to the test matrix.

Resolves #139, resolves #146

I think the errors observed by @Lasica in #146 were due to Poetry bugs and not necessarily dependency incompatibilities. So I ran pdm import to migrate the project metadata to PEP 621 (the only reason I chose PDM was because such import command existed, with a trivial change this can be migrated to Hatch or any other PEP 621-compliant workflow tool). This doesn't have user impact.

PR Checklist

• Tests added
• Changelog updated

[astrojuanlu]

To note, Poetry 2.0 is approaching python-poetry/poetry#9136 so maybe this PR can be updated afterwards to avoid migrating to PDM.