Object‐Oriented Programming (OOP) – Overview

Title:
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) – Overview

Contents:

1. Introduction
   Definition and purpose of OOP.
   Benefits: Reusability, scalability, and easier maintenance.

2. Core Concepts

   • Class: Blueprint for creating objects.
   • Object: Instance of a class.
   • Encapsulation: Hiding internal details and exposing only necessary parts.
   • Inheritance: Reusing code by creating subclasses from a superclass.
   • Polymorphism: Same method behaves differently based on context.
   • Abstraction: Hiding complexity and showing only essential features.

3. Principles

   • DRY (Don’t Repeat Yourself).
   • SOLID principles for clean, scalable design.

4. Advantages of OOP

   • Modular code.
   • Easy debugging and testing.
   • Improves collaboration in large projects.

5. Common OOP Languages
   Java, C++, Python, C#, PHP.

6. Simple Example
   A basic class with properties and methods (e.g., Patient with name, age, and methods to update details).

7. Use Cases

   • Enterprise applications.
   • Web and mobile applications.
   • Game development.

8. Conclusion
   OOP is a fundamental programming approach for building organised, reusable, and scalable software.

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